ACL Reconstruction
An ACL tear is one of the most common sports injuries. Arthroscopic reconstruction uses a graft to rebuild the torn ligament, restoring knee stability and function.
Overview
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a key stabiliser of the knee, preventing the shinbone from sliding forward. It's commonly torn during sports involving sudden stops, pivots, or jumps — football, basketball, skiing, and badminton. Unlike some ligaments, a completely torn ACL cannot heal on its own and often requires surgical reconstruction.
ACL reconstruction uses a graft (taken from the patient's own hamstring, patellar tendon, or from a donor) threaded through bone tunnels and fixed in place. The surgery is entirely arthroscopic, with small incisions. Recovery involves structured physiotherapy, with most athletes returning to sport in 6-9 months.
Causes
- Sudden change of direction (cutting/pivoting)
- Landing awkwardly from a jump
- Direct blow to the knee (contact sports)
- Sudden deceleration while running
- Hyperextension of the knee
Symptoms
- A loud 'pop' sound at the time of injury
- Severe pain and inability to continue activity
- Rapid swelling within 2-4 hours
- Feeling of knee instability or 'giving way'
- Loss of full range of motion
- Difficulty bearing weight
Diagnosis
- Lachman test and anterior drawer test — physical examination manoeuvres assessing ACL integrity
- Pivot shift test — checks rotational instability
- MRI — confirms ACL tear and evaluates associated injuries (meniscus, other ligaments)
- X-rays — rule out fractures
Treatment Options
Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction
Gold standard. A graft replaces the torn ACL through small incisions. Hamstring or patellar tendon graft.
Non-surgical management
Physiotherapy and bracing for partial tears or older, less active patients who don't need rotational stability.
Primary ACL repair
In select acute tears, the torn ligament ends can be reattached. Less common than reconstruction.
Frequently Asked Questions
How soon can I walk after ACL surgery?
You'll walk with crutches immediately post-op. Full weight-bearing without crutches typically takes 2-4 weeks.
When can I return to sports after ACL reconstruction?
Most athletes return at 6-9 months, but full graft maturation takes 12+ months. Rushing back risks re-injury.
Ready to Discuss Your Treatment?
Our acl reconstruction specialists in Kondapur are here to help. Most consultations available within 24 hours.