Endometriosis
Endometriosis causes debilitating pelvic pain and infertility. Laparoscopic excision removes the abnormal tissue, providing lasting relief and improved fertility.
Overview
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining (endometrium) grows outside the uterus — on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, and sometimes beyond. This tissue bleeds with each menstrual cycle, causing inflammation, scarring, adhesions, and severe pain.
Laparoscopy is both diagnostic and therapeutic. The surgeon identifies and excises endometriotic lesions, adhesions, and chocolate cysts (endometriomas). Excision surgery offers the best long-term pain relief and improves pregnancy rates in women trying to conceive.
Causes
- Retrograde menstruation — menstrual blood flows backwards through the fallopian tubes
- Genetic factors — endometriosis runs in families
- Immune system dysfunction — failure to eliminate misplaced endometrial cells
- Surgical scar implantation — endometrial cells attach to incision sites
- Hormonal factors — oestrogen promotes endometriosis growth
Symptoms
- Severe pelvic pain, especially during periods (dysmenorrhoea)
- Pain during or after intercourse
- Pain with bowel movements or urination (especially during periods)
- Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods
- Infertility — 30-50% of women with endometriosis have difficulty conceiving
- Fatigue, bloating, and nausea
Diagnosis
- Pelvic examination — checking for tender nodules or masses
- Transvaginal ultrasound — identifies endometriomas (chocolate cysts)
- MRI — maps deep infiltrating endometriosis for surgical planning
- Laparoscopy — the definitive diagnostic tool; visualises and biopsies lesions
Treatment Options
Laparoscopic excision surgery
Complete removal of endometriotic lesions and adhesions. Best long-term results.
Hormonal therapy
Combined oral contraceptives, progestins, or GnRH agonists to suppress oestrogen and reduce pain.
Pain management
NSAIDs and lifestyle modifications — symptom control rather than disease treatment.
Hysterectomy with removal of ovaries
Last resort for severe, treatment-resistant endometriosis in women who have completed childbearing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get pregnant after endometriosis surgery?
Yes. Laparoscopic excision improves natural conception rates. Many women conceive within 6-12 months post-surgery.
Is endometriosis curable?
There is no permanent cure, but laparoscopic excision by an experienced surgeon provides long-term remission. Recurrence rates are 20-30% over 5 years.
Ready to Discuss Your Treatment?
Our endometriosis specialists in Kondapur are here to help. Most consultations available within 24 hours.